Carbon fiber, inozivikanwa samambo wezvinhu zvitsva muzana remakore rechi21, iparera rinopenya muzvinhu.Carbon fiber (CF) imhando yeinorganic fiber ine zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ecarbon content.Organic fibers (viscose based, pitch based, polyacrylonitrile based fibers, nezvimwewo) inoiswa pyrolyzed uye carbonized pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti iite carbon backbone.
Sechizvarwa chitsva cheyakasimbiswa fiber, kabhoni fiber ine yakanakisa mechaniki uye makemikari zvimiro.Haisi chete ine hunhu hwekabhoni zvinhu, asi zvakare ine kupfava uye processability yemucheka fiber.Naizvozvo, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhepo, midziyo yesimba, zvekufambisa, zvemitambo uye minda yekutandarira
Huremu huremu: sechinhu chitsva chehunyanzvi chine mashandiro akanaka, kuwanda kwekabhoni fiber kwakada kufanana neiyo magnesium uye beryllium, isingasviki 1/4 yesimbi.Kushandisa kabhoni faibha inoumbwa sezvinhu zvekuumbwa kunogona kuderedza huremu hwechimiro ne30% -40%.
Simba rakakwirira uye yakakwirira modulus: iyo chaiyo simba yekabhoni fiber inopfuura 5 nguva yakakwirira kupfuura yesimbi uye 4 nguva yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yealuminium alloy;Iyo chaiyo modulus ndeye 1.3-12.3 nguva dzezvimwe zvinhu zvekuumbwa.
Diki yekuwedzera coefficient: iyo yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient yeakawanda kabhoni fibers haina kunaka pakupisa kwekamuri, 0 pa200-400 ℃, uye 1.5 chete iri pasi pe1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, hazvisi nyore kuwedzera nekuremara nekuda kwekushanda kwakanyanya. tembiricha.
Yakanaka kemikari corrosion kuramba: kabhoni faibha ine yakakwira yakachena kabhoni yemukati, uye kabhoni ndiyo imwe yeakanyanya kugadzika kemikari zvinhu, zvichikonzera kushanda kwayo kwakanyatso kugadzikana muasidhi uye alkali nharaunda, iyo inogona kugadzirwa mune ese marudzi emakemikari anti-corrosion zvigadzirwa.
Kuramba kuneta kwakasimba: chimiro checarbon fiber chakagadzikana.Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwepolymer network, mushure memamiriyoni ekutenderera kwekunetseka kuneta bvunzo, iyo simba rekuchengetedza chiyero chemusanganiswa ichiri 60%, nepo iyo yesimbi iri 40%, aluminium 30%, uye girazi fiber yakasimbiswa purasitiki inongova makumi maviri. % - 25%.
Carbon fiber composite ndiko kusimbisazve kabhoni fiber.Kunyangwe kabhoni fiber inogona kushandiswa yega uye kutamba chaiyo basa, ndeye brittle zvinhu mushure mezvose.Chete kana ichinge yasanganiswa neiyo matrix zvinhu kugadzira kabhoni fiber composite inogona kupa kutamba kuri nani kune yayo mechaniki zvivakwa uye kutakura mitoro yakawanda.
Carbon fibers inogona kuiswa zvichienderana neakasiyana mativi senge precursor mhando, nzira yekugadzira uye kuita
Maererano nemhando yeprecursor: polyacrylonitrile (Pan) yakavakirwa, pitch based (isotropic, mesophase);Viscose base (cellulose base, rayon base).Pakati pazvo, polyacrylonitrile (Pan) yakavakirwa kabhoni faibha inogara pachinzvimbo chikuru, uye inobuda inodarika 90% yeiyo yakazara kabhoni fiber, nepo viscose yakavakirwa kabhoni fiber account isingasviki 1%.
Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekugadzira uye nzira: kabhoni faibha (800-1600 ℃), graphite faibha (2000-3000 ℃), activated kabhoni faibha, mhute yakakura kabhoni fiber.
Zvinoenderana neiyo mechanical zvivakwa, inogona kukamurwa kuita yakajairika mhando uye yepamusoro-inoshanda mhando: simba remhando yekabhoni fiber inenge 1000MPa, uye modulus inenge 100GPa;Mhando yemhando yepamusoro inogona kukamurwa kuita yakakwira simba mhando (simba 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) uye yakakwira modhi (modulus 300gpa kana kupfuura), pakati payo simba rakakura kupfuura 4000mpa rinodaidzwawo kuti Ultra-yakakwirira simba mhando, uye modulus yakakura kupfuura 450gpa. inonzi Ultra-high model.
Zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekudhonza, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita diki diki uye hombe dhizaini: diki kabhoni fiber inonyanya 1K, 3K uye 6K padanho rekutanga, uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakagadziridzwa kuita 12K uye 24K, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumhepo, mitambo. neminda yekutandara.Carbon fibers pamusoro pe48K inowanzonzi hombe tow kabhoni fibers, kusanganisira 48K, 60K, 80K, nezvimwewo, ayo anonyanya kushandiswa muminda yemaindasitiri.
Tensile simba uye tensile modulus maviri makuru indexes ekuongorora zvimiro zvekabhoni fiber.Zvichienderana neizvi, China yakashambadzira chiyero chenyika chePAN yakavakirwa kabhoni fiber (GB / t26752-2011) muna 2011. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kweToray's absolute inotungamira mukana muindasitiri yepasi rose kabhoni fiber, vazhinji vanogadzira mudzimba vanotorawo Toray's classification standard. sereferensi.
1.2 zvipingamupinyi zvakakwirira zvinounza kukosha kwakawedzerwa.Kuvandudza maitiro uye kuona kugadzirwa kwakawanda kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka
1.2.1 iyo tekinoroji chipingamupinyi cheindasitiri chakakwira, kugadzirwa kwepamberi ndiyo musimboti, uye carbonization uye oxidation ndiyo kiyi.
Iyo nzira yekugadzira kabhoni fiber yakaoma, iyo inoda yakakwirira michina uye tekinoroji.Kudzora kwechokwadi, tembiricha uye nguva yechinhu chimwe nechimwe chinozokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.Polyacrylonitrile kabhoni faibha yave yakanyanya kushandiswa uye yakanyanya kuburitsa kabhoni fiber parizvino nekuda kwekuita kwayo kuri nyore kugadzirira, mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira uye kuraswa kwemarara matatu zviri nyore.Iyo huru mbishi propane inogona kugadzirwa kubva kumafuta asina kuchena, uye iyo PAN kabhoni fiber indasitiri chain inosanganisira yakakwana kugadzira maitiro kubva kune yekutanga simba kusvika kune terminal application.
Mushure mokunge propane yakagadzirwa kubva kumafuta asina kuchena, propylene yakawanikwa nekusarudza catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) yepropane;
Acrylonitrile yakawanikwa neammoxidation yepropylene.Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) precursor yakawanikwa ne polymerization uye kutenderera kwe acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile is pre oxidized, carbonized at low and high temperatures to get carbon fiber, inogona kugadzirwa kuva carbon fiber fabric uye carbon fiber prepreg yekugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber composites;
Carbon fiber inosanganiswa neresin, ceramics uye zvimwe zvinhu kugadzira kabhoni fiber composites.Chekupedzisira, zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvezvikumbiro zvezasi zvinowanikwa neakasiyana ekuumba maitiro;
Hunhu uye nhanho yekuita yeprecursor inotarisisa iyo yekupedzisira kuita kwekabhoni fiber.Naizvozvo, kuvandudza kunaka kwekutenderera mhinduro uye optimization zvinhu zve precursor kuumba inove yakakosha mapoinzi ekugadzirira yepamusoro-mhando kabhoni fiber.
Zvinoenderana ne "Tsvakiridzo yekugadzirwa kwepolyacrylonitrile yakavakirwa kabhoni fiber precursor", kutenderera maitiro anonyanya kusanganisira matatu mapoka: wet kuruka, yakaoma kuruka uye yakaoma kunyorova kuruka.Parizvino, kunyorova kutenderera uye kunyorova kutenderera kunonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira polyacrylonitrile precursor kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, pakati peiyo kunyorova kutenderera ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.
Kunyorova kutenderera kunotanga kuburitsa mhinduro yekutenderera kubva pagomba re spinneret, uye mhinduro yekutenderera inopinda mubhati yecoagulation nenzira yekuyerera kudiki.Iyo yekutenderera mashandiro epolyacrylonitrile kuruka mhinduro ndeyekuti pane mukaha mukuru pakati pehuwandu hweDMSO mukuruka mhinduro uye coagulation bath, uye pane zvakare mukaha mukuru pakati pehuwandu hwemvura mu coagulation bath uye polyacrylonitrile solution.Pasi pekubatana kweiyo misiyano miviri iri pamusoro, iyo mvura inotanga kupararira mumativi maviri, uye pakupedzisira inonamira kuita filaments kuburikidza nehukuru hwekufambisa, kupisa kupisa, nhanho yekufamba uye mamwe maitiro.
Mukugadzira precursor, iyo yakasara huwandu hweDMSO, saizi yefiber, monofilament simba, modulus, elongation, mafuta emukati uye kufashaira kwemvura shrinkage zvinova zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kunaka kwe precursor.Tichitora huwandu hwasara hweDMSO semuenzaniso, ine pesvedzero pane zviri pachena zvivakwa zve precursor, cross-section state uye CV kukosha kwekupedzisira kabhoni fiber chigadzirwa.Iyo yakadzikira iyo yasara huwandu hweDMSO, iyo yakakwira mashandiro echigadzirwa.Mukugadzira, DMSO inonyanya kubviswa nekugeza, saka nzira yekudzora kupisa kwekugeza, nguva, chiyero chemvura yakasvibiswa uye chiyero chekugeza chinova chinhu chakakosha.
Yakakwira mhando polyacrylonitrile precursor inofanirwa kuve neanotevera maitiro: yakakwira density, yakakwira crystallinity, simba rakakodzera, denderedzwa remuchinjiko chikamu, kushoma kwemuviri kuremara, yakatsetseka pamusoro uye yunifomu uye dense ganda core chimiro.
Kudzora tembiricha yecarbonization uye oxidation ndiyo kiyi.Carbonization uye oxidation inhanho yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa kubva kune precursor.Mune ino nhanho, iko kurongeka uye huwandu hwetembiricha hunofanirwa kudzorwa nemazvo, zvikasadaro, kusimba kwesimba rekabhoni fiber zvigadzirwa kuchakanganiswa zvakanyanya, uye kunyange kutungamirira mukuputsika kwewaya.
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): mu preoxidation process, iyo PAN precursor inononoka uye zvinyoro oxidized nekuisa imwe tension mumhepo ine oxidizing, ichigadzira huwandu hukuru hwezvimiro zvemhete pahwaro hwepani yakatwasuka ketani, kuitira kuti zadzisa chinangwa chekutsungirira kurapwa kwekushisa kwepamusoro.
Carbonization (yakanyanya tembiricha isiri yakaderera pane 1000 ℃): carbonization process inofanira kuitwa mune inert mhepo.Muchikamu chekutanga che carbonization, pan chain inoputika uye maitiro ekubatanidza anotanga;Nekuwedzera kwekushisa, maitiro ekuora kwekushisa anotanga kusunungura nhamba huru yemamolekemu magasi, uye chimiro chegirafu chinotanga kuumba;Apo tembiricha yakawedzera, kabhoni yemukati yakawedzera nekukurumidza uye kabhoni fiber yakatanga kuumba.
Graphitization (tembiricha yekurapa iri pamusoro pe2000 ℃): graphitization haisi nzira inodiwa yekugadzirwa kwekabhoni fiber, asi sarudzo yekuzvisarudzira.Kana yakakwira elastic modulus yekabhoni fiber inotarisirwa, graphitization inodiwa;Kana simba rakakwirira rekabhoni fiber richitarisirwa, graphitization haidiwi.Mukuita graphitization, tembiricha yakakwira inoita kuti fiber iite yakagadziridzwa graphite mesh chimiro, uye chimiro chinosanganiswa nekudhirowa kuti uwane chigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Zvipingamupinyi zvepamusoro zvehunyanzvi zvinopa zvigadzirwa zvezasi zvine kukosha kwakawedzera, uye mutengo wemakwikwi endege wakakwira zvakapetwa ka200 pane wesirika mbishi.Nekuda kwekuoma kwakanyanya kwekabhoni fiber kugadzirira uye yakaoma maitiro, iyo yakanyanya kudzika pasi zvigadzirwa, iyo inowedzera kukosha kwakawedzerwa.Kunyanya kune yakakwirira-kuguma kabhoni faibha composites inoshandiswa mumunda wemuchadenga, nekuti vatengi vezasi vane zvakanyanya kuomarara zvinodiwa pakuvimbika kwayo uye kugadzikana, mutengo wechigadzirwa unoratidzawo geometric akawanda kukura zvichienzaniswa neyakajairika kabhoni faibha.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-22-2021